Composed of series parallel lithium ion cells. Serves as core energy storage component for new energy vehicles, delivering power to drive motors and high voltage on board systems; also used for energy backup.
Top‑10 Global Brands
CATL, LG Energy Solution, Panasonic, Samsung SDI, SK On, BYD, Northvolt, AESC, Farasis Energy, Eve Energy. These enterprises supply automotive‑grade battery modules and packs for global new‑energy vehicle OEMs, covering NCM and LFP chemistries for passenger and commercial vehicles.
Top‑10 Chinese Brands
CATL, BYD, Eve Energy, Farasis Energy, Gotion High‑Tech, CALB, SVOLT, Sunwoda, REPT‑BAT, Lishen Battery. Chinese suppliers lead global capacity and module‑pack integration technology, supporting both domestic and overseas vehicle projects.
Technical Analysis
Structure
Model D148N58 3P4S is configured as three cells in parallel and four cells in series. Main components include lithium‑ion cells, module housing, high‑voltage busbars, BMS acquisition PCB, thermal‑insulation gaskets, thermal‑conductive cooling structures and fastening hardware. Three parallel cells enlarge module capacity; four‑series connection raises total module voltage. Acquisition board collects cell voltage and temperature data and transmits signals to vehicle‑level BMS unit.
Application
Composed of series‑parallel lithium‑ion cells. Serves as core energy‑storage component for new‑energy vehicles, delivering power to drive motors and high‑voltage on‑board systems; also used for energy backup.
Manufacturing Challenges
First‑of‑all, cell sorting. Parallel‑connected cells require tight consistency in voltage, internal resistance and capacity. Poor consistency accelerates capacity degradation and raises thermal‑runaway risk. Second, busbar laser welding: cold solder or over‑welding causes abnormal contact resistance and heat accumulation. Third, high‑voltage insulation and dielectric‑withstand capability for safety protection. Fourth, mechanical robustness against vehicle vibration and shock; cell displacement under road excitation must be avoided. Fifth, internal thermal management: uniform temperature distribution inside module to eliminate local hot spots.
Required Quality Documents
IATF‑16949 certificate, APQP documents, DFMEA/PFMEA, control plan, full‑set PPAP, cell specification and reliability reports, insulation‑withstand test report, vibration‑shock validation report, thermal‑propagation test report, UN38.3 transportation certification.
Vehicle‑level Performance Impact
Poor cell consistency accelerates EV range decay. Defective internal connections produce abnormal heating within high‑voltage loop and bring safety hazards. Insufficient heat dissipation limits continuous discharge power, thus degrading vehicle acceleration and climbing capability. Severe module failure may lead to sudden propulsion loss during driving.